The hazard of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in marine activities is increasingly gaining attention. An examination of fatal incidents involving seafarers indicates that many of these incidents occur while performing daily tasks outside of confined spaces. According to reports, out of 56 incidents related to H₂S, at least 29 occurred outside of confined spaces.
Analysis of Fatal Incidents
Reports indicate that seafarers suddenly suffer harm while opening tank covers, separating pumps and pipes, and working near tank vents. In one case, a second engineer and a boiler room worker inhaled H₂S while opening the cover of a sewage tank and consequently lost their lives. This incident shows that even opening a tank can lead to the release of dangerous amounts of H₂S gas.
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Hazards of H₂S
H₂S is a colorless, toxic, and flammable gas that can lead to loss of consciousness and even death at high concentrations. At concentrations of about 700 to 1000 ppm, a person may become unconscious after just a few breaths. One of the main challenges is that the distinctive smell of this gas, similar to rotten eggs, cannot be considered a reliable warning, as the sense of smell quickly becomes paralyzed at high concentrations.
The development of H₂S typically occurs in low-oxygen conditions from the decomposition of organic matter or materials containing oil. Potential sources of this gas on ships include sewage, sludge, and food waste.
Preventing H₂S Hazards
To prevent hazards from H₂S, it is essential to identify activities related to opening tanks and other operations involving toxic materials. Risk assessment should include reviewing the history and content of workspaces. It is also necessary to determine gas release pathways and prevent personnel from entering these areas.
Continuous testing using appropriate devices to detect hazardous gases is also an effective way to prevent incidents. Finally, managing tank contents and reducing waste accumulation can help decrease H₂S production and enhance the safety of personnel during daily operations.
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